Contents are copyright 1996 (Robert Bacal). Please ask before reproducing or distributing at dbt359@freenet.mb.ca Introduction What's Happening Out There? A casual observer of our society might conclude that we are becoming more aggressive, more abusive, and less tolerant of frustration. As a government employee you probably wonder what the heck is happening with people. It appears that angry, hostile and abusive behaviour is increasing, and that government employees have become convenient targets for the frustrated and angry. Severe situations are occurring more often -- hostage takings, threats of violence, and even physical violence are increasing, although they are still rare. Verbal abuse of employees is on the rise, and while we don't see this kind of abuse reported in the media, it is becoming more common. For those in adversarial or regulatory roles with respect to customers, verbal abuse is often an everyday occurrence. Even worse, this trend is likely to continue. The Government Context There is no question that government staff work under different constraints than those in the private sector. You may be in an enforcement position, obliged to identify breaches of legislation or government regulations. You may be in the position of determining financial benefits for people that will have an effect on the well-being of those people and their families. Or, perhaps you work in an administrative job within a department that carries out tasks that annoy the public. Government departments have far more impact on people's lives than, let's say, a Zellers, or a Canadian Tire. As such, those that work in government operate as magnets for hostility, both from direct customers, and from the media. These days, each city seems to have a self-appointed champion of the people who "investigates" government decisions. Government "bashing" has become a favorite pastime of both print and radio journalists. Apart from being under the microscope, you don't have the flexibility of private sector employees. While Wal-Mart can take the position that the "customer is always right", your customers are not always right, and you can't always meet their requests without breaking the laws you may be charged to enforce. You probably can't give money back, or replace a product if the customer doesn't like it. Often you can't forward their comments and suggestions to ministers and deputy ministers. In a bureaucratic hierarchy, the policy makers and decision makers are not easily accessible to government employees that deal directly with the public. It's a tough situation. The public seems to want more even though staff and other resources are being cut. Chances are that your customers have to wait longer to receive service. Or, your department may no longer offer the service that customers expect. Or, you now charge for services that used to be free. The public doesn't like it, and they are taking it out on you. Who Pays The Price? We all pay a price. Employees on the "firing line" have to deal with the stresses, great and small, resulting from having to deal with angry, frustrated customers. Angry customers can eat up lots of organizational time and energy, particularly when they decide to climb the organizational ladder with their complaints. Employee safety can be threatened by angry customers. It just isn't fun, and it's no laughing matter. You CAN Do Something About It It may seem that you can do little to defuse the anger and hostility of customers. It seems to be set off by the littlest things, and above all, it seems unpredictable. But the truth of the matter is that employees can do things to defuse the anger and reduce abusive behaviour. People can learn to act in ways that reduce this kind of behaviour, and ensure that they don't do anything that will result in an unpleasant situation going ballistic. That's what this book is about. It was written to help you deal more capably with hostile situations so you can reduce your stress levels, protect your time, reduce the occurrences of crisis situations, and enhance the reputation of your organization. You should know that it takes some time to learn how to deal with these situations and it takes diligence and effort, but it isn't hard. Most people can learn the defusing skills, and put them into effect. Our goal is to become practiced in defusing hostility so that it becomes second nature, so that effective defusing responses replace less effective ones. You can get better at it, and reap the benefits. There are few things more satisfying than successfully dealing with an angry customer so they leave relatively satisfied. Using The Workbook The material in this book is drawn from a number of sources, not the least of which is the experience of over one thousand public sector employees who have participated in my seminar called Defusing Hostility. The book you are holding will provide you with a better understanding of angry behaviour, and will present a number of strategies and tactics you can use with hostile people. Most chapters include exercises you can do to "practice" the thinking skills needed to use these strategies and tactics. We have provided answers for many of the exercises so you can evaluate your own progress. These can be found in Appendix A at the back of the book. Keep in mind that many of the exercises can have several "right answers". While your answer may be different than the one provided at the back of the book, it may not be "wrong". So we recommend the following: Always read the relevant chapter in this book before trying the exercises that follow each chapter. Do the exercises! You will learn and retain more if you actually write out your answers to the exercises. Read only a chapter or two at a time before doing the exercises. We suggest that you read a chapter, make some notes, then do the exercises for the chapter. Don't overload yourself. Retention is best if you do a bit at a time. Caveats No course or learning material can tell you exactly what to do in each individual situation. We must be clear that each hostile situation is different, and that you must use your own judgment to determine what you ought to be doing. There is no magic solution, no cookbook approach that works each time. This book includes tactics and techniques you can use, but you must decide when and how to implement the techniques when the time comes. I can't do that for you. Important Note On Safety It is important, very important, that you consider safety as a bottom line. Your safety and the safety of other staff, customers and members of the public is paramount. There will be times when it will be impossible to defuse someone, particularly if they are prone to violence, or are mentally unstable. While I can sit at my keyboard extolling the virtues of gentle approaches to defusing hostility, you must always be concerned with safety, and must do what is necessary to keep everyone safe. Always err on the side of safety! Final Note I hope you will find this material useful. If you require more assistance, consider taking the Defusing Hostile Customers seminar. For more information, or if you have comments and suggestions, I can be contacted at: Robert Bacal Bacal & Associates 252 Cathcart St. Winnipeg, Mb. R3R 0S2 (204) 888-9290